Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

315
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
315
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

133
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
133
PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

559
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
559
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

192
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
192
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

499
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
499
BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems01:24

BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

555
System stability is a fundamental concept in signal processing, often assessed using convolution. For a system to be considered bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable, any bounded input signal must produce a bounded output signal. A bounded input signal is one where the modulus does not exceed a certain constant at any point in time.
To determine the BIBO stability, the convolution integral is utilized when a bounded continuous-time input is applied to a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system....
555

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The coherence analysis and Laplacian spectrum applications of cycle-based iterative networks.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Optimized predefined-time control for high-order nonlinear MASs via ICA and reinforcement learning.

ISA transactions·2026
Same author

Data-Driven Optimized Output Regulation for Markov Jump Linear Systems and Its Application.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same author

Turing instability and pattern formation in a diffusive predator-prey system with opportunistic predators and weak Allee effect.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Stochastic-Sampling-Based Event-Triggered Control for Switching Reaction-Diffusion Neural Networks.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same author

Passivity and synchronization of fractional-order coupled neural networks with multiple weights: A PD approach.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
10:51

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

Published on: March 10, 2011

13.9K

Proportional-Integral Observer-Based State Estimation for Singularly Perturbed Complex Networks With Cyberattacks.

Lidan Liang, Jun Cheng, Jinde Cao

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |March 29, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study designs an asynchronous proportional-integral observer (PIO) for complex networks with cyberattacks. It ensures system stability despite switching topologies and stochastic disturbances using Lyapunov theory.

    More Related Videos

    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
    08:18

    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

    Published on: August 15, 2020

    5.1K
    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

    An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
    10:51

    An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

    Published on: March 10, 2011

    13.9K
    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control
    08:18

    WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

    Published on: August 15, 2020

    5.1K
    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
    06:45

    Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Control Systems Engineering
    • Network Science
    • Cybersecurity

    Background:

    • Singularly perturbed complex networks (SPCNs) are susceptible to cyberattacks.
    • Network topology can change dynamically, governed by Markov processes.
    • Stochastic disturbances affect network linking strengths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design an asynchronous proportional-integral observer (PIO) for SPCNs under cyberattacks.
    • To address challenges posed by switching topologies and stochastic disturbances.
    • To ensure the stability and boundedness of the network dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a nonhomogeneous Markov switching process for topology.
    • Employing multiple scalar Winner processes for stochastic disturbances.
    • Applying Lyapunov theory to establish stability conditions.
    • Formulating an asynchronous PIO using a hidden nonhomogeneous Markov model.

    Main Results:

    • Sufficient conditions for mean-square exponential ultimate boundedness of the augmented dynamic were derived.
    • The proposed observer design effectively handles asynchronous conditions and cyberattacks.
    • The methodology ensures system stability in the presence of uncertainties.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed asynchronous PIO is effective for singularly perturbed complex networks facing cyberattacks.
    • The theoretical results are validated through numerical simulations.
    • This work contributes to robust control design for complex networked systems.