Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 28, 2025
Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
Published on: April 15, 2020
Isometric, Dynamic, and Manual Muscle Strength Measures and Their Association With Cycling Performance in Elite
Johanna B Liljedahl1, Anton Arndt, Carla F Nooijen
1From the Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden (JBL, AA, CFN, AB); Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (AA); and Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (AB).
Objective:
Paracycling classification aims to generate fair competition by discriminating between levels of activity limitation. This study investigated the relationship between lower limb manual muscle tests (MMT) with ratio-scaled measures of isometric and dynamic strength and of the ratio-scaled measures with cycling performance.
Design:
Fifty-six para cyclists (44 males, 12 females) with leg impairments performed isometric and dynamic strength tests: leg push and pull, and an all-out 20-sec sprint. The MMT results were obtained from the classification database ( n = 21) and race speeds from time trials ( n = 54).
Results:
Regression analyses showed significant associations of MMT with isometric push ( R2 = 0.49), dynamic push ( R2 = 0.35), and dynamic pull ( R2 = 0.28). Isometric strength was significantly correlated with dynamic push (ρ = 0.63) and pull (ρ = 0.54). The isometric and dynamic tests were significantly associated with sprint power and race speed ( R2 = 0.16-0.50).
Conclusions:
The modified MMT and ratio-scaled measures were significantly associated. The significant relation of isometric and dynamic strength with sprint power and race speed maps the impact of lower limb impairments on paracycling performance. The MMT and the isometric and dynamic measures show potential for use in paracycling classification.
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