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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Globally Relaxed Selection and Local Adaptation in Boechera stricta.

Yi-Ye Liang1,2, Xue-Yan Chen1,2, Biao-Feng Zhou1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 
Guangzhou, China.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|March 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Selection efficacy varies, influenced by effective population size, nucleotide composition, and recombination rates in Boechera stricta. These factors shape genomic variation and local adaptation patterns across populations.

Keywords:
BoecheraGC-biased gene conversionadaptive evolutionconserved non-coding regiondistribution of fitness effectseffective population size

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The efficacy of natural selection varies across populations and genomes, but its underlying causes are not fully understood.
  • Understanding selection efficacy is crucial for explaining patterns of genetic variation and local adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify selection strength and characterize local adaptation in Boechera stricta using whole-genome data.
  • To investigate the influence of effective population size, nucleotide composition, and recombination rate on selection efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of 467 Boechera stricta accessions.
  • Analysis of genetic diversity, distribution of fitness effects, and rates of adaptive evolution.
  • Comparison of selection patterns across four distinct population groups (NOR, WES, UTA, COL).

Main Results:

  • Low genetic diversity observed at functional constraint sites, indicating purifying selection.
  • Evidence for relaxed negative and positive selection, with smaller effective population sizes (Ne) correlating with reduced selection efficacy.
  • GC-biased gene conversion and recombination rates showed varied impacts on selection efficacy across different populations.

Conclusions:

  • Effective population size, nucleotide composition, and recombination rate are key determinants of selection efficacy.
  • Differential adaptation observed among Boechera stricta groups, influenced by varying genomic and demographic factors.
  • This study enhances understanding of how natural selection and local adaptation shape genomic variation in plants.