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Cognitive dysfunction associated with COVID-19: A comprehensive neuropsychological study.

Cristina Delgado-Alonso1, Maria Valles-Salgado1, Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

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Summary

Cognitive complaints after COVID-19 are common, affecting attention, memory, and executive functions. These deficits correlate with smell and sleep issues, but not depression.

Keywords:
COVID-19CognitiveLong-term COVIDNeuropsychological assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Post-acute COVID syndrome frequently involves cognitive complaints.
  • The characteristics and underlying causes of this cognitive dysfunction remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize cognitive dysfunction in patients with post-COVID cognitive complaints.
  • To assess the relationship between cognitive function and factors like anxiety, depression, sleep, and olfactory function.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 50 patients with a history of COVID-19 and cognitive complaints.
  • Neuropsychological testing, alongside assessments for fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep, and olfactory function, were administered.
  • Results were compared to normative data and a matched healthy control group.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients demonstrated impaired performance in attention, executive functions, processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, and visuospatial skills.
  • Cognitive deficits were significantly correlated with olfactory dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, sleep quality and anxiety.
  • No significant correlation was found between cognitive performance and depression.

Conclusions:

  • Patients experiencing cognitive symptoms post-COVID-19 exhibit reduced cognitive performance, particularly in attention, executive functioning, episodic memory, and visuospatial processing.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the specific mechanisms driving COVID-19-related cognitive dysfunction.