Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 28, 2025
06:24
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
947
Fairness for Transgender People in Sport
1Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
Journal of the Endocrine Society
|March 30, 2022
Summary
Transgender women may not have an athletic advantage before puberty or with early gender-affirming treatment. Testosterone is a key factor, and lowering it may reduce advantages in sports, but more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Endocrinology
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Growing participation of transgender people in sports raises questions about fairness.
- Concerns exist regarding potential athletic advantages for transgender women due to male puberty exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the potential athletic advantages for transgender individuals in sports.
- To review the role of testosterone and puberty in athletic performance differences.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on testosterone's role in athletic advantage.
- Analysis of potential impacts of gender-affirming treatment on athletic performance.
Main Results:
- No expected advantage for transgender individuals before puberty or with early treatment.
- Testosterone identified as the primary driver of male athletic advantage over females.
- Testosterone-lowering treatments may mitigate athletic advantages in some sports.
Conclusions:
- Further research is required to understand puberty's other effects on athletic performance.
- Prioritizing health and participation in sports for all individuals is crucial.
Related Concept Videos
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
92.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
92.0K
00:57Inclusive Fitness
36.4K
Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
36.4K
01:26Equity Theory
9
Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
9
01:18Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
10
Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
10
01:21Factors Influencing Attraction II: Physical Attraction
8
Physical attractiveness plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal attraction, influencing first impressions, social interactions, and long-term relationship dynamics. Psychological research consistently demonstrates that attractiveness affects social evaluations and behavioral outcomes in various contexts.Influence on Social InteractionsResearch has shown that individuals perceived as physically attractive often experience preferential treatment in social and professional settings. One...
8
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
91
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
91