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Value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in children with severe infectious diseases

Yi-Hui Zheng1, Wei Lin, Tian-Lei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|March 30, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers superior pathogen detection for severe pediatric infections compared to traditional methods. This advanced technique identifies more pathogens with greater sensitivity, improving diagnosis for critically ill children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Severe infectious diseases in children pose significant diagnostic challenges.
  • Conventional pathogen culture methods often have limitations in sensitivity and speed.
  • Accurate and rapid pathogen identification is crucial for effective treatment of severe pediatric infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in children with severe infectious diseases.
  • To compare the performance of mNGS with conventional pathogen culture.
  • To assess the sensitivity and scope of pathogen detection by mNGS.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 29 children with severe infections was analyzed.
  • Clinical data and laboratory results were collected.
  • Specimens (blood and pleural fluid) were tested simultaneously using conventional culture and mNGS.

Main Results:

  • mNGS detected pathogens in 69% (20/29) of cases, identifying 38 strains.
  • Conventional culture detected pathogens in only 7% (2/29) of cases, identifying 2 strains.
  • mNGS demonstrated significantly higher detection rates (P<0.05) and identified diverse pathogens, including viruses and fungi, missed by culture.

Conclusions:

  • mNGS is a more sensitive and comprehensive method for pathogen detection in pediatric severe infectious diseases.
  • mNGS offers advantages over conventional culture due to its higher detection rate and ability to identify a broader range of pathogens.
  • mNGS represents a valuable diagnostic tool for improving the management of severe infections in children.
Keywords:
ChildInfectious diseaseMetagenomic next-generation sequencingSevere illness

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