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Severity of Illness in Bronchiolitis Amid Unusual Seasonal Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kristen H Shanahan1,2, Michael C Monuteaux1,2, Richard G Bachur1,2

  • 1aDivision of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Hospital Pediatrics
|March 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Recent bronchiolitis trends show differing seasonality but consistent illness severity in infants. This analysis tracked over 389,000 emergency visits across US children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology of respiratory infections

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common viral respiratory infection in infants.
  • Understanding seasonal trends and illness severity is crucial for healthcare planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent trends in bronchiolitis at US children's hospitals.
  • To compare the severity of bronchiolitis in the most recent year (Oct 2020-Sep 2021) with previous seasons.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 389,411 emergency visits for bronchiolitis in infants <24 months.
  • Data collected from 46 US children's hospitals (Oct 2016-Sep 2021).
  • Logistic and Fourier Poisson regression models used to examine trends and seasonality.

Main Results:

  • Median infant age with bronchiolitis was higher in Oct 2020-Sep 2021 (8 months) vs. prior seasons (6 months).
  • No significant difference in hospitalization, ICU admission, or ventilation rates was observed.
  • Seasonality of bronchiolitis varied significantly between the study periods (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Despite altered seasonality, the severity of infant bronchiolitis remained consistent.
  • Findings suggest that while the timing of epidemics may shift, clinical outcomes have not worsened.
Abstract

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