Gut microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Microbiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Neuropsychiatric disorders are a major global health burden with diverse underlying mechanisms.
• The enteric microbiome's composition is dynamic and crucial for host homeostasis and disease.
• The gut microbiome mediates neuronal signaling through metabolic, neuroimmune, and neuroendocrine pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the gut microbiome's influence on neuropsychiatric disorders.
• To discuss preclinical and clinical evidence and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome.

Main Methods:

• Examination of preclinical and clinical evidence.
• Review of therapeutic strategies involving gut microbiome manipulation.
• Grouping of targeted microbial taxa associated with specific neuropsychiatric diseases.

Main Results:

• Identification of specific microbial taxa linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
• Preclinical and clinical data supporting the microbiome-brain axis in these conditions.

Conclusions:

• Understanding gut microbiome-host interactions can lead to novel diagnostic biomarkers.
• Microbiome-targeted therapies like fecal transplantation, probiotics, and dietary interventions show promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
• This knowledge can aid clinicians in managing patients with neuropsychiatric conditions.