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Cortical Versus Cancellous Solvent-Dehydrated Bone Allograft for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Histologic Study.

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    The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry
    |March 30, 2022
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    Solvent-dehydrated bone allograft (SDBA) is used for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). Histologic comparison showed cortical SDBA resulted in more vital bone than cancellous SDBA after 4 months.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental implantology
    • Periodontology
    • Regenerative medicine

    Background:

    • Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is crucial for successful dental implant placement.
    • Solvent-dehydrated bone allograft (SDBA) is a common material for socket grafting in ARP.
    • SDBA is available in both cortical and cancellous forms, with differing potential for bone regeneration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To histologically compare the efficacy of cortical versus cancellous SDBA in alveolar ridge preservation.
    • To evaluate the new bone formation and graft particle resorption in extraction sockets treated with different SDBA types.

    Main Methods:

    • A total of 35 extraction sockets were grafted with either cortical (17) or cancellous (18) SDBA.
    • A resorbable collagen wound dressing was applied to all sites.
    • Bone core biopsies were harvested after approximately 4 months for histomorphometric analysis.

    Main Results:

    • The cortical SDBA group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of vital bone compared to the cancellous SDBA group (28.6% vs. 20.1%, P = .042).
    • No statistically significant differences were found in residual graft particles or non-mineralized tissue percentages between the two groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Cortical SDBA may promote a more favorable vital bone formation compared to cancellous SDBA for alveolar ridge preservation.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the long-term outcomes and optimal application of different SDBA particle types in ARP.