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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

Thin-Film Ferroelectrics.

Abel Fernandez^1,2, Megha Acharya^1,2, Han-Gyeol Lee^1,2

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|March 30, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Epitaxial thin-film studies have revolutionized ferroelectric oxides, advancing physics understanding and enabling new polar materials and functionalities. This progress drives applications in memory, logic, and energy devices.

Keywords:

epitaxy ferroelectrics piezoelectrics pyroelectrics thin films

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Published on: March 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Solid State Chemistry

Background:

Ferroelectric oxides research has significantly advanced over 30 years.
Epitaxial thin-film studies have been pivotal in understanding ferroelectric physics.
Novel polar structures and functionalities have been realized through these studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of ferroelectric thin-film research.
To highlight the impact of size and strain on ferroelectrics.
To showcase current applications and future directions in ferroelectric materials.

Main Methods:

Epitaxial thin-film synthesis and characterization.
Advanced simulation techniques, including high-throughput simulations.
Analysis of micro-, meso-, and macroscopic length scales.

Main Results:

Demonstrated understanding of size and strain effects on ferroelectrics.
Development of complex hierarchical domain structures and novel polar topologies.
Controlled chemical and defect profiles in ferroelectric thin films.

Conclusions:

Epitaxial techniques and simulations accelerate the discovery of new ferroelectric materials.
New understanding and control of ferroelectric functionalities are emerging.
Applications in novel memory, logic, and energy conversion devices are actively pursued.