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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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[Skin and pregnancy].

David Alvarez Martinez1, Dominique Ricard-Gauthier2, Bruno Carbonne2

  • 1Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Département de médecine, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14.

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|March 30, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy triggers specific skin conditions, known as pregnancy dermatoses. Proper diagnosis and management are crucial, especially for conditions with potential fetal implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Dermatology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy significantly alters hormonal status, impacting skin physiology.
  • Hormonal changes can lead to new-onset or altered pre-existing dermatoses during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the management strategies for pregnancy-specific dermatoses.
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating these conditions due to potential fetal risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for managing pregnancy dermatoses.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches for specific conditions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed management protocols for atopic eruption of pregnancy, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  • Identification of key dermatoses requiring close obstetric monitoring due to fetal consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate differentiation of pregnancy dermatoses is vital for appropriate patient and fetal care.
  • Conditions like pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy necessitate collaborative obstetric and dermatologic management.