Latamoxef versus carbenicillin plus gentamicin or carbenicillin plus mecillinam in leukopenic, febrile patients with...

Sixty-six febrile episodes associated with leukopenia were observed in 56 patients with solid tumors, WBC less than 1.5 X 10(9)/l and temperature greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C. Stratification to antibiotic treatment regimen was made with regard to prior cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (cis-platinum) treatment or not. Patients who had received no cis-platinum were randomized between carbenicillin 10 g every 8 h plus gentamicin 80 mg every 8 h or latamoxef 2 g every 8 h (group I). Patients having received cis-platinum were treated with carbenicillin 10 g every 8 h plus mecillinam 800 mg every 8 h or latamoxef 2 g every 8 h (group II). The first dose of latamoxef was preceded by 10 mg of vitamin K i.v. In group I, clinical response was observed in 10 of 19 febrile episodes (52.6%) treated with carbenicillin plus gentamicin and in 10 of 14 (71.4%) treated with latamoxef (p greater than 0.05). In group II, 6 of 14 febrile episodes treated with carbenicillin plus mecillinam responded (42.9%) while 11 of 19 (57.9%) responded to latamoxef (p greater than 0.05). No bleeding due to antibiotic treatment was observed. No statistical difference between standard antibiotic therapy and latamoxef was seen in this subset of patients.