The future of artificial intelligence in medicine: Medical-legal considerations for health leaders

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly common in healthcare and has potential to improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. As the utility of AI expands, medical-legal questions arise regarding the possible legal implications of incorporating AI into clinical practice. Particularly, the unique black box nature of AI brings distinct challenges. There is limited guidance addressing liability when AI is used in clinical practice, and traditional legal principles present limitations when applied to novel uses of AI. Comprehensive solutions to address the challenges of AI have not been well established in North America. As AI continues to evolve in healthcare, appropriate guidance from professional regulatory bodies may help the medical field realize AI's utility and encourage its safe use. As the options for AI in medicine evolve, physicians and health leaders would be prudent to consider the evolving medical-legal context regarding use of AI in clinical practices and facilities.