Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
06:59

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Published on: August 26, 2025

101

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Not-Retrieval Inferior Vena Cava Filter Under Anticoagulation

Ryohei Sakai1, Shinya Fujiki1, Takeshi Kashimura1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.

International Heart Journal
|March 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Retrieving inferior vena cava (IVC) filters is recommended, but many remain. Long-term anticoagulation in patients with non-retrieved IVC filters can prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) recurrence, despite bleeding risks.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Permanent inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are associated with increased deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk.
  • Guidelines recommend IVC filter retrieval, yet retrieval rates remain low in clinical practice.
  • The long-term outcomes of patients with non-retrieved IVC filters on anticoagulation are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term prognosis of patients with non-retrieved IVC filters.
  • To evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence and bleeding events in this cohort.
  • To assess the effectiveness and safety of continued anticoagulation therapy in patients with non-retrieved IVC filters.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 195 patients who underwent IVC filter implantation between 2006 and 2017.
  • Analysis of patient data from three institutions in Niigata City.
  • Inclusion of data on deaths, VTE recurrence, bleeding events, and anticoagulation status during a mean 5.0-year follow-up.

Main Results:

  • A total of 158 patients (81%) had non-retrieved IVC filters, with a retrieval rate of 19.0%.
  • The non-retrieved group was older and had a higher prevalence of cancer.
  • During follow-up, 6 symptomatic DVT events and 13 bleeding events occurred. Cancer was the only significant prognostic risk factor for mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Despite low retrieval rates, appropriate anticoagulation in patients with non-retrieved IVC filters appears effective in preventing DVT recurrence.
  • Long-term anticoagulation may increase bleeding risk, but benefits in preventing VTE recurrence are evident.
  • Continued anticoagulation is a viable strategy for managing patients with non-retrieved IVC filters.

Keywords:
Anticoagulant therapyBleedingDeep vein thrombosisPulmonary embolismVenous thromboembolism

More Related Videos

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.5K
Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula06:12

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

16.9K

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
40
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
344
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
60
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
50
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
58
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
40