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Related Concept Videos

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

Mart M Lamers1, Bart L Haagmans2

  • 1Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through dysfunctional immune responses. Novel technologies reveal mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 lung injury, aiding new COVID-19 therapeutic development.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, includes cases of life-threatening pneumonia.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and experimental advances in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology.
  • To explore mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • To highlight novel technologies for studying viral lung injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical and experimental data.
  • Application of single-cell omics, organoid infection models, and CRISPR screens.
  • Analysis of immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can infect the lower respiratory tract, causing alveolar damage via immune dysregulation.
  • Viral infection induces a 'leaky state' in epithelium and endothelium, promoting inflammation and coagulation.
  • Overexuberant immune cell influx leads to immunopathology.

Conclusions:

  • Novel technologies provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 lung injury mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can guide the development of novel therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
  • Targeting immune and vascular dysfunction may be key for treating severe COVID-19.