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Association between circulating cystatin C and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study
Yanjun Guo1, Hangkai Huang1, Yishu Chen1
1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Insights
Higher serum cystatin C levels are linked to an increased risk of hyperuricemia. This finding suggests cystatin C may serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying individuals at high risk for developing hyperuricemia.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Medicine
- Nephrology
Background:
- Circulating cystatin C is recognized for its role in estimating glomerular filtration rate.
- It has also been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
- The relationship between cystatin C and hyperuricemia remains largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between circulating cystatin C levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
- To determine if cystatin C can serve as a biomarker for hyperuricemia risk.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 3679 participants (2406 men, 1273 women) undergoing annual health checkups.
- Measurement of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including serum cystatin C and uric acid.
- Diagnosis of hyperuricemia based on fasting serum uric acid levels exceeding 420 µmol/L.
Main Results:
- 18.9% of participants were diagnosed with hyperuricemia.
- Hyperuricemic individuals exhibited significantly higher serum cystatin C levels compared to controls (0.91 vs. 0.82 mg/L).
- A positive trend was observed between increasing cystatin C quartiles and hyperuricemia prevalence, with the highest quartile showing a >2-fold increased risk (OR 2.262).
Conclusions:
- Circulating cystatin C is positively associated with hyperuricemia.
- Serum cystatin C demonstrates potential as a useful biomarker for identifying individuals at elevated risk of hyperuricemia.
Introduction/Objectives:
Circulating cystatin C has reportedly been related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, apart from its traditional role in estimating the glomerular filtration rate. However, whether circulating cystatin C is related to hyperuricemia remains unclear.
Method:
We included 2406 men and 1273 women who attended their annual health checkups in this study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Hyperuricemia was diagnosed as fasting serum uric acid > 420 µmol/L in men and women.
Results:
A total of 695 (18.9%) participants were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemic patients had significantly higher serum cystatin C levels than healthy controls (0.91 (0.83-1.02) versus 0.82 (0.72-0.92) mg/L, P < 0.001). Serum cystatin C levels were positively related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia, which was 5.18%, 14.76%, 22.66%, and 31.24% in participants with serum cystatin C levels in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (P < 0.001 for trend). In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, participants with serum cystatin C in the fourth quartile had a more than twofold increased risk of hyperuricemia (OR 2.262, 95% CI 1.495-3.422; P < 0.001) compared with those with serum cystatin C in the first quartile. In subgroup analyses, the fourth quartile of cystatin C was related to increased risks of hyperuricemia in both non-obese and obese participants (OR 4.405, 95% CI 1.472-13.184, P = 0.008; OR 1.891, 95% CI 1.228-2.911, P = 0.004, respectively), in non-metabolic syndrome participants (OR 3.043, 95% CI 1.692-5.473; P < 0.001) but not in metabolic syndrome participants (OR 1.689, 95% CI 0.937-3.045; P = 0.081), and in non-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (non-NAFLD) (OR 2.128, 95% CI 1.424-3.180; P < 0.001, respectively) and young and middle-aged participants (OR 2.235, 95% CI 1.492-3.348, P < 0.001) but not in NAFLD and elderly participants.
Conclusions:
This study revealed a positive association of circulating cystatin C with hyperuricemia. Key Points • Serum cystatin C is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. • Serum cystatin C is a useful biomarker in distinguishing patients at high risk of having hyperuricemia.
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