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Expressed emotion: from predictive index to clinical construct.

H W Koenigsberg, R Handley

The American Journal of Psychiatry

|November 1, 1986

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Expressed emotion in families predicts psychiatric patient relapse. This review examines its meaning and links to family dynamics, but intervention studies remain inconclusive.

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Family Studies

Background:

Expressed emotion (EE) is a key predictor of relapse in psychiatric patients.
Renewed interest in chronic psychiatric patients has refocused attention on EE.
Understanding EE is crucial for effective family interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and conceptual meaning of expressed emotion.
To explore the relationship between EE and family interaction, physiology, relapse triggers, and parental personality.
To assess the current state of evidence regarding EE and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of expressed emotion research.
Analysis of studies linking EE to family dynamics and patient relapse.

Related Experiment Videos

Evaluation of methodological limitations in existing intervention studies.

Main Results:

Expressed emotion is a well-established predictor of relapse.
EE is associated with specific family interaction patterns, physiological arousal, relapse precipitants, and parental personality traits.
Methodological limitations currently prevent definitive conclusions about EE's causal impact on patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

The concept of expressed emotion is complex and requires nuanced understanding.
Further rigorous family intervention studies are needed to establish causality.
Clarifying the core clinical construct of EE remains an ongoing research objective.