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Updated: Sep 28, 2025
Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
Published on: December 1, 2017
A Novel Phage Cocktail Therapy of the Urinary Tract Infection in a Mouse Model
B Mijbel Ali1, S A Gatea Kaabi1, M A Al-Bayati1
1Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Abstract:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a major bacterial pathogen associated with many cases of serious infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTI) and meningitis intestinal. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial multidrug-resistant bacteria occurring worldwide has been attributed to the overuse of antibiotics. Alternative strategies must be developed to overcome antibiotic resistance. A promising alternative for the treatment of infections is the use of phages as antibacterial agents. A total of 90 female albino mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=30) and used for the induction of UTI. The animals were acclimatized in their cages for 24 h before inoculation and allowed to access chow and water freely. For UTI induction, the peri-urethral area was sterilized with 70% ethanol, and bacterial inoculation was then injected into the bladder through the urethra using a 24-gauge sterile Teflon catheter with an outer diameter of 0.7 mm and length of 19 mm. A single phage and a phage cocktail preparation have been evaluated for their therapeutic activity in the mouse model of chronic UTI induced by transurethral injection of two isolates of the uropathogenic E. coli 8 and E. coli 302. The results of the transurethral and intra-peritoneal injection of phage(s) that prepared on day 10 after the establishment of the mouse chronic model showed no effect of a single phage PEC80 in the treatment of UTI, whereas both administration routes of the phage cocktail preparation resulted in the clearance of bacteria from mice urine and homogenates of the urinary bladders and kidneys of the sacrificed mice after 24 h following the administration of phage cocktail dose. The high activity of the phage cocktail in the treatment of mouse chronic model of UTI is attributed to the broader host range of the phage cocktail, compared to the very narrow host range of the phage PEC80. It is concluded that the phage therapy by using phage preparations as the 25 phages cocktail evaluated in this study is a highly promising and potential alternative therapy for human UTIs.
Insights
Phage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. A phage cocktail effectively cleared Escherichia coli from a mouse urinary tract infection model, unlike a single phage.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Bacteriophage Therapy
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health threat.
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common cause of serious infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Bacteriophage therapy presents a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a single phage and a phage cocktail against a mouse model of chronic UTIs caused by uropathogenic E. coli.
- To compare the effectiveness of different administration routes for phage therapy.
Main Methods:
- A mouse model of chronic UTI was established using transurethral injection of E. coli.
- A single phage (PEC80) and a phage cocktail were administered via transurethral and intra-peritoneal routes.
- Bacterial clearance was assessed in urine, bladder, and kidney samples post-treatment.
Main Results:
- A single phage (PEC80) showed no significant therapeutic effect in treating the established UTI.
- The phage cocktail demonstrated significant efficacy, clearing E. coli from urine and urinary tract tissues within 24 hours.
- Both administration routes of the phage cocktail were effective.
Conclusions:
- Phage cocktail therapy is a highly promising alternative for treating human UTIs caused by E. coli.
- The broader host range of the phage cocktail contributes to its enhanced therapeutic activity compared to single phages.
- Bacteriophage therapy warrants further investigation as a viable strategy against antibiotic-resistant infections.
