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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

30.1K
Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Trait Centrality01:21

Trait Centrality

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Trait centrality refers to the degree to which a particular characteristic influences the overall impression of an individual. Some traits exert a disproportionately strong impact on perception, shaping how people interpret other attributes of a person. Solomon Asch first systematically studied this phenomenon in 1946.Asch’s Experiment on Trait CentralityAsch's seminal study demonstrated the centrality of certain traits through a controlled experiment. Participants were presented with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Attitudes towards refugees: Introducing a short three-dimensional scale.

Patrick F Kotzur1, Maria-Therese Friehs2, Peter Schmidt3,4

  • 1Durham University, Durham, UK.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new six-item scale effectively measures attitudes towards refugees, considering cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. This validated scale offers excellent psychometric properties for future research.

Keywords:
alternative measurement modelsattitudesconfirmatory factor analysisintergroup relationsrefugeesscale development

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Attitude Measurement
  • Refugee Studies

Background:

  • The traditional three-component model of attitudes (cognitive, affective, behavioral) is often not simultaneously assessed in measurement scales.
  • Existing scales measuring attitudes towards refugees may not fully capture these distinct components or their interrelations.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal conceptualization and measurement of multifaceted attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a concise, six-item scale for measuring attitudes towards refugees.
  • To assess the scale's performance against competing attitude conceptualizations (one-factor, three-factor, second-order factor models).
  • To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for advancing research on refugee attitudes.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of a novel six-item attitude scale.
  • Utilized three large-scale survey datasets (N=330, N=2,083, N=2,174) for robust validation.
  • Compared the scale's fit to one-factor, three-factor, and second-order factor models of attitudes.

Main Results:

  • The developed six-item scale demonstrated excellent psychometric properties.
  • Both three-factor and second-order factor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting a multidimensional view of attitudes.
  • The scale effectively captures cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of attitudes towards refugees.

Conclusions:

  • The new six-item scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring multifaceted attitudes towards refugees.
  • Findings support the utility of multidimensional attitude conceptualizations (three-factor or second-order) in this domain.
  • This scale can facilitate future research on attitudes toward refugees and contribute to the broader attitude theory debate.