Regenerative Potential of Solid Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Compared with Platelet-Rich Fibrin

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) prepared from venous blood is used in the clinic to improve soft tissue wound healing. Nevertheless, arterial blood or bone marrow aspirate might also be a candidate for the source of PRF-like concentrates. The purpose of the present study was to investigate blood/bone marrow aspirate concentrates obtained from arterial blood, venous blood, and bone marrow aspirate to determine its respective regenerative potential in vitro. Arterial blood-derived PRF (Ar-PRF), venous blood-derived PRF (Ve-PRF), and solid-type bone marrow aspirate concentrate (sBMAC) were prepared from New Zealand white rabbits. Each clot was evaluated for its cytocompatibility and regenerative potential on primary rabbit gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Both gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts treated with each concentrate showed excellent viability. Interestingly, the sBMAC-treated cells demonstrated a significantly greater migratory potential than the other treatment groups. Furthermore, higher mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen 1 (COL1) in gingival fibroblasts were observed in the sBMAC group compared with the Ar-PRF and Ve-PRF groups. Greater osteoblast differentiation potential, including higher osteocalcin (OCN) expression and mineralization potential, was found in osteoblasts treated with sBMAC. However, minor differences between the behaviors of cells treated with Ar-PRF and Ve-PRF were observed. In conclusion, sBMAC might be a new candidate for promoting wound healing and bone regeneration. Further preclinical and clinical experiments are necessary to prove the regenerative potential of sBMAC in the body. Impact Statement Blood concentrate material such as platelet-rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is used in clinical practice to promote tissue regeneration in the field of dentistry, orthopedic surgery, and plastic surgery. The present study introduces a new type of solid bone marrow aspirate concentrate material and, for the first time, shows its excellent regenerative potential in both gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro compared with that of conventional PRF.