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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
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Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

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CRISPR/Cas-based Human T cell Engineering: Basic Research and Clinical Application.

Bettina E Bernard1, Emmanuelle Landmann2, Lukas T Jeker3

  • 1Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich 81675, Germany; TUM, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching 85748, Germany; These authors contributed equally: Bettina E. Bernard, Emmanuelle Landmann.

Immunology Letters
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR gene editing has revolutionized the engineering of human T cells, making adoptive T cell therapies more accessible for treating cancer and other diseases. This technology enables precise genetic modifications, accelerating therapeutic development and clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Engineering human T cells for therapeutic applications has historically faced challenges with efficiency and precision.
  • Viral transduction methods were time-consuming and limited the scope of genetic modifications.
  • The lack of accessible tools hindered the development of T cells as a 'living drug'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of CRISPR/Cas-based engineering in human T cells.
  • To highlight the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on T cell engineering for research and clinical applications.
  • To discuss emerging Cas proteins and advanced editing techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its adaptation for human T cell engineering.
  • Discussion of advancements in Cas proteins and genome editing strategies.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for CRISPR-engineered T cells.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 has significantly improved the accessibility and efficiency of human T cell engineering.
  • The first CRISPR-engineered T cells have entered clinical trials for refractory cancers.
  • New Cas proteins and editing methods (e.g., base editing, prime editing) are expanding the CRISPR toolbox.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology has transformed T cell engineering, accelerating the development of adoptive T cell therapies.
  • The expanding CRISPR toolbox offers enhanced flexibility, activity, and specificity for T cell modification.
  • CRISPR-based T cell engineering holds immense promise for treating cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases.