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Nanoparticles: From synthesis to applications and beyond.

Atiđa Selmani1, Davor Kovačević2, Klemen Bohinc3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

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Summary

This review covers nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and stability in biological settings. It explores nanoparticle charging, interface interactions, and biomedical applications, highlighting future research directions.

Keywords:
Characterization of nanoparticlesCharge regulationDrug deliveryNanomedicineStability of nanoparticlesSynthesis of nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (<100nm) are crucial in modern research, particularly in biomedicine.
  • Despite extensive research, many questions regarding nanoparticle properties and behavior remain unanswered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends in nanoparticle synthesis and characterization.
  • To interpret nanoparticle stability in diverse media (aqueous to biological).
  • To present theoretical models for nanoparticle charging and interface interactions.
  • To provide an overview of nanoparticle applications and future prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current trends in nanoparticle synthesis and characterization.
  • Analysis of theoretical models for nanoparticle charging and interface interactions.
  • Interpretation of nanoparticle stability data in various media.
  • Compilation of current and potential future applications of nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Current synthesis and characterization methods are summarized.
  • Nanoparticle stability in aqueous and biological environments is interpreted.
  • Theoretical models offer insights into charging properties and interfacial behavior.
  • A comprehensive overview of biomedical and other applications is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticles are versatile tools in biomedicine, but their behavior in biological systems requires further investigation.
  • Understanding nanoparticle stability and interactions is key to optimizing their applications.
  • Future research should focus on advanced characterization, theoretical modeling, and novel applications.