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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Seeking Relevant Biomarkers in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

Hsi-En Ho1, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles1,2

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Frontiers in Immunology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with autoimmune issues need better biomarkers. New research identifies immune cell counts and microbial translocation markers for risk stratification and treatment targets.

Keywords:
biomarkerscommon variable immunodeficiencycomplicationsenvironmentgenespathogenesisprimary immunodeficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency with frequent autoimmune/inflammatory complications (CVID+).
  • Current treatments inadequately address the CVID+ phenotype, and its pathogenesis remains largely unexplained.
  • There is a critical need for reliable biomarkers for clinical risk stratification and research insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate biomarkers for predicting CVID+ complications.
  • To explore novel markers for understanding CVID pathogenesis and systemic inflammation.
  • To assess the potential of high-throughput profiling for biomarker discovery in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reduced isotype-switched memory B cells and CD4 T cells for complication risk.
  • Evaluation of condition-specific markers for lymphoma and interstitial lung disease.
  • Assessment of systemic inflammation markers (LBP, sCD14, sCD25, ILC3), mucosal defect markers (zonulin, I-FABP), and HDL levels.
  • Detection of circulating bioactive bacterial DNA to indicate microbial translocation.

Main Results:

  • Reduced B and T cell counts can identify patients at higher risk.
  • Specific markers like IgM, BAFF, LBP, sCD14, sCD25, ILC3, zonulin, I-FABP, and HDL correlate with CVID+ phenotypes.
  • Elevated bioactive bacterial DNA suggests microbial translocation as a potential driver of inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers including immune cell subsets and inflammation indicators can aid in CVID+ risk stratification.
  • Microbial translocation may play a significant role in the inflammatory processes observed in CVID.
  • High-throughput profiling holds promise for accelerating biomarker discovery and improving CVID patient management.