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Investigation of the Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Children with Celiac Disease
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani1, Homa Ilkhanipour2, Leila Samipour2
1Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
Insights
Low bone mineral density (BMD) affects children with celiac disease (CD). This study found that lower body mass index (BMI) is a significant predictor of reduced BMD in these children, suggesting BMI as a key screening tool.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) in children is linked to nutritional deficiencies and inflammation, increasing the risk of low bone mineral density (BMD).
- Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for low BMD in pediatric CD patients is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in Iranian children diagnosed with celiac disease (CD).
- To identify key risk factors associated with low BMD in this pediatric population.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 149 Iranian children with CD was conducted from 2011 to 2018.
- Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, with logistic regression analyzing factors linked to low BMD (BMD-Z <-2).
Main Results:
- 27.5% of children with celiac disease exhibited osteoporosis.
- A statistically significant association was found between lower body mass index (BMI) Z scores and increased likelihood of low BMD (odds ratio 2.17, p≤0.05).
Conclusions:
- Body mass index (BMI) is a significant predictor of bone density in children with celiac disease (CD).
- Clinical screening using BMI can aid in the early assessment of bone health status in pediatric CD patients.
- No correlation was observed between Marsh classification or specific human leukocyte antigens and low BMD in this cohort.
Purpose:
Children with celiac disease (CD) are at an increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) owing to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, inflammation, and malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low BMD in Iranian children with CD.
Methods:
This prospective cohort study examined 149 Iranian children with CD between 2011 and 2018 at Zabol University of Medical Sciences. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from patients' medical records. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with low areal BMD (BMD-Z <-2) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Descriptive data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of variance.
Results:
Of the 149 children with CD, 27.5% had osteoporosis. The mean body mass index (BMI) Z score was -1.28±1.2. Lower BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of BMD-Z (odds ratio 2.17; p≤0.05).
Conclusion:
Overall, the findings of this study showed that there was no correlation among Marsh classification, presence of specific human leukocyte antigens, and low BMD in Iranian children with CD. BMI can be a predictor of bone density in children with CD and may be applied clinically in early screenings to evaluate the bone health status in these children.
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