Bioanalysis of aminoglycosides using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics essential for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections.
• Their narrow therapeutic index necessitates careful monitoring due to potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
• Accurate bioanalysis is critical for optimizing aminoglycoside therapy and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and identify liquid chromatographic methods for aminoglycoside bioanalysis.
• To analyze trends in detection methods and analytical performance over time.
• To provide a guide for researchers and clinicians involved in aminoglycoside monitoring.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar).
• 71 articles published between 1977 and 2020 focusing on liquid chromatography for aminoglycoside bioanalysis were included.
• Data extraction focused on analytical techniques, detection methods, calibration ranges, and validation parameters.

Main Results:

• Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the predominant technique.
• Detection methods evolved from UV/fluorescence (1977-2002) to mass spectrometry (2003-2020).
• Reported calibration ranges varied widely (0.1-0.5 ng/mL to 1250-200000 ng/mL), with high R² values (0.964-1.0) and acceptable precision (0.331%-19.76%) and recovery (61.0%-114.0%) in most studies.

Conclusions:

• Liquid chromatography, particularly RPLC, is a well-established technique for aminoglycoside bioanalysis.
• The shift towards mass spectrometry has likely improved sensitivity and specificity.
• This review provides valuable insights into method selection and validation for aminoglycoside monitoring in clinical and preclinical settings.