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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis
Published on: May 4, 2017
Born with a Plastic Spoon in Their Mouth? - Substitution, Interchangeability, and Marketing of Biosimilars
Rhiannon Bandiera1, Elizabeth Handsley2, David Lim3
1Lecturer in Criminology, Department of Law, Maynooth University, Ireland.
Abstract:
Biosimilar medicines have the potential to increase medicine access and bring cost savings to consumers, but uptake has been slow for a range of reasons. This article analyses one such reason, namely the potential for competitors' promotional materials to use certain terms with technical meanings, such as "interchangeable" and "substitution", in a misleading way. Against the backdrop of a flawed co-regulatory system for pharmaceutical marketing, the article identifies a need for clear regulatory statements about appropriate uses of such terms in pharmaceutical marketing and promotion.
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SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...

