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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

Published on: August 1, 2012

Training can't always lead to Olympic macrophages.

Erwan Pernet^1,2, Renaud Prevel^1,2, Maziar Divangahi^1,2

¹Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation

|April 1, 2022

Summary

Innate immune cells develop trained immunity (TI), a form of immune memory. This study reveals TI induction creates diverse cell populations, influenced by their environment, offering new therapeutic avenues.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

Trained immunity (TI) is an innate immune cell memory, crucial for evolutionary survival.
The cellular and molecular basis of TI heterogeneity remains largely unexplored.
Understanding TI diversity is key to harnessing its therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether TI induction generates homogeneous or heterogeneous populations of trained immune cells.
To elucidate the impact of microenvironmental factors on TI heterogeneity.
To identify potential biomarkers for TI responsiveness in disease and vaccination.

Main Methods:

Utilized an in vitro model system for inducing trained immunity in human monocytes.
Employed single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptomic profiles of individual cells.
Examined the influence of lymphocytes on monocyte TI induction.

Main Results:

TI induction in monocytes yielded three distinct transcriptomic populations.
Lymphocyte presence significantly modulated monocyte TI induction.
Similar monocyte populations were observed in human diseases and following BCG vaccination.

Conclusions:

TI induction leads to a heterogeneous population of trained monocytes.
Immune cell interactions and microenvironment critically influence TI.
Targeting TI heterogeneity may offer novel therapeutic strategies for infections and inflammatory conditions.