Complex central nervous system malformations in a Dutch Warmblood foal

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Neurology
• Equine Medicine
• Congenital Malformations

Background:

• Neonatal foals can present with severe neurological deficits.
• Congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations are a significant concern in equine pediatrics.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining prognosis and management strategies.

Observation:

• A Dutch Warmblood colt exhibited inability to stand, incoordination, and intention tremor.
• Clinical signs showed partial improvement but persistent neurological deficits.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed complex unilateral infratentorial arachnoid cyst-like lesion, cerebellar compression, absent corpus callosum, polymicrogyria, suspected leukoencephalopathy, and occipitoatlantal malformation.

Findings:

• The colt survived complex congenital neurological malformations with partial clinical improvement over six months.
• Prognosis for athletic performance in affected foals is poor due to the severity of malformations.
• Advanced imaging, particularly MRI, enhances diagnostic accuracy for suspected CNS disorders in foals.

Implications:

• Improved diagnostic capabilities can lead to better understanding of congenital neurological conditions in foals.
• Early and accurate diagnosis impacts treatment decisions and owner expectations regarding athletic potential.
• Further research into clinical progression of these conditions is warranted, despite euthanasia often being elected.