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Bacterial adhesion in human upper gastrointestinal tract.

M Cerf, B Gaudin, A Cazier

    Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacteria adhere to the upper gastrointestinal tract lining in patients with low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). This adhesion, confirmed via electron microscopy, alters the brush border membrane, suggesting potential health implications for these patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Microbiology
    • Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • The upper gastrointestinal tract's mucous layer is typically considered sterile.
    • Gastric acid plays a crucial role in preventing bacterial colonization.
    • Hypochlorhydria, or low stomach acid, may predispose individuals to bacterial overgrowth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and adhesion of bacteria to the mucous layer of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
    • To determine if bacterial adhesion occurs in patients with hypochlorhydria.
    • To examine the ultrastructural changes associated with bacterial adhesion.

    Main Methods:

    • Small bowel biopsy specimens were obtained from patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
    • Bacterial cultures were performed on biopsy specimens.

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  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize bacterial adhesion and cellular alterations.

    • Main Results:

    • No bacteria were detected in control biopsy specimens from healthy individuals.
    • Bacterial flora, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, were identified in biopsy specimens from gastrectomized patients (indicating hypochlorhydria).
    • TEM confirmed bacterial adhesion to the mucous layer and revealed local alterations in the brush border membrane.

    Conclusions:

    • Adherent bacteria may be present in the upper gastrointestinal tract of hypochlorhydric patients.
    • Bacterial adhesion can induce localized changes in the brush border membrane.
    • Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiological consequences of bacterial adhesion in hypochlorhydria.