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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
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Multistimulus-Responsive Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/Starch Soft Actuators.

Hiran Chathuranga1,2, Ifra Marriam1,2, Su Chen1,2

  • 1School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel soft actuator using graphene oxide, magnetic nanoparticles, and tapioca starch. This multi-stimuli responsive actuator can be triggered by moisture and magnetic fields for diverse applications.

Keywords:
actuatorsgraphene oxidemultiresponsive actuationsmart devicesstarch

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Soft actuators are crucial for applications like soft robots and artificial muscles.
  • Conventional actuators often respond to a single stimulus and require complex, costly fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a novel soft actuator responsive to multiple stimuli.
  • To utilize sustainable and readily available raw materials for actuator fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Water evaporation-induced self-assembly method was employed.
  • Graphene oxide, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and tapioca starch were used as primary materials.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid actuator demonstrated a rapid bending speed of ~72° s⁻¹ upon moisture exposure.
  • The actuator exhibited controlled rotations and linear motion via magnetic field regulation.
  • The actuator successfully captured magnetic objects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed actuator offers multi-stimuli responsiveness using cost-effective and safe materials.
  • This technology enables the fabrication of smart devices like smart curtains and grippers with complex motions.