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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Decoherence-Induced Exceptional Points in a Dissipative Superconducting Qubit.

Weijian Chen1,2, Maryam Abbasi1, Byung Ha1

  • 1Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed unique quantum system behaviors using superconducting circuits. They identified two types of exceptional points in open quantum systems, leading to novel chiral state transfer and control applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Open quantum systems display complex dynamics from dissipation and coherent evolution.
  • These dynamics are mathematically described by a Liouvillian superoperator.
  • Exceptional points in the Liouvillian signify critical dynamics in open quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize different types of Liouvillian exceptional points.
  • To investigate the role of energy loss and decoherence in forming these exceptional points.
  • To demonstrate non-Hermiticity-induced chiral state transfer by dynamically tuning the Liouvillian.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a superconducting transmon circuit coupled to an engineered environment.
  • Observed Liouvillian exceptional points arising from energy loss and decoherence, or solely decoherence.
  • Employed real-time dynamic tuning of Liouvillian superoperators.

Main Results:

  • Successfully observed two distinct types of Liouvillian exceptional points.
  • Demonstrated non-Hermiticity-induced chiral state transfer through dynamic Liouvillian tuning.
  • Provided experimental evidence for the critical dynamics associated with exceptional points.

Conclusions:

  • Highlights the significance of Liouvillian exceptional points for understanding open quantum system dynamics.
  • Suggests new avenues for applying non-Hermitian dynamics in quantum control and system analysis.
  • Motivates a re-examination of open quantum systems through the lens of exceptional points.