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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Synesthesia is a remarkable condition where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People with synesthesia experience a blending or crossing of their senses, such as sight and sound, leading to cross-modal sensations. In this condition, the stimulation of one sense, such as hearing a number or musical note, triggers an experience of another sense, like sensing a specific color, taste, or smell. People...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression
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Hyperosmia after COVID-19: hedonic perception or hypersensitivity?

A Di Stadio1, L D'Ascanio, P De Luca

  • 1Department G.F Ingrassia, Unit of Otolaryngology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. ariannadistadio@hotmail.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|April 1, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two family members experienced heightened smell sensitivity (hyperosmia) after COVID-19, despite normal olfactory tests. This suggests a complex interplay of genetics, environment, and perception following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • COVID-19 commonly causes smell dysfunction, including loss of smell (anosmia) and distorted smell (parosmia).
  • Hyperosmia, or heightened sense of smell, has not been previously reported as a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first cases of subjective hyperosmia following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To investigate the characteristics of hyperosmia in a familial context after COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Case study of two individuals from the same family presenting with subjective hyperosmia after COVID-19.
  • Olfactory testing was conducted to assess objective olfactory function.
  • Comparison with unaffected family members who also had COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Two family members developed subjective hyperosmia within days of recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a history of transient anosmia.
  • Objective olfactory testing revealed normal olfactory function in the affected individuals.
  • The severity and specific odor triggers for hyperosmia were consistent between the affected mother and son, suggesting shared factors.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective hyperosmia can occur after COVID-19, challenging previous observations.
  • The familial occurrence and correlation of symptoms suggest an interaction between environmental factors (SARS-CoV-2 infection), genetic predisposition, and individual perception.