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Para-phenylenediamine deteriorates oocyte quality by impairing mitochondrial function.
Xia Wang1,2, Xi Zhao3, Yannan Chen2
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
Environmental Toxicology
|April 1, 2022
Summary
Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye impairs female fertility by damaging oocyte quality. PPD disrupts meiotic maturation, fertilization, and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to oocyte degeneration.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Toxicology
- Oocyte Biology
- Hair Dye Safety
Background:
- Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common ingredient in permanent oxidative hair dyes.
- While PPD's adverse effects on male reproductive function are documented, its impact on female oocytes remains largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of PPD exposure on female oocyte quality and reproductive potential.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PPD-induced oocyte damage.
Main Methods:
- Exposure of female rodents to PPD.
- Assessment of oocyte meiotic maturation and spindle/chromosome integrity.
- Analysis of cortical granule dynamics and ovastacin levels.
- Evaluation of Juno protein expression.
- Mitochondrial function assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements.
Main Results:
- PPD exposure negatively impacts oocyte meiotic capacity and fertilization potential.
- Damage to spindle/chromosome structure and impaired oocyte maturation were observed.
- Cortical granule dynamics and ovastacin were compromised, alongside reduced Juno protein levels.
- Abnormal mitochondrial function, increased ROS, oocyte degeneration, and apoptosis were evident.
Conclusions:
- PPD exposure significantly compromises female oocyte quality and fertilization success.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key mechanisms driving PPD-induced oocyte damage.
- These findings highlight potential risks associated with PPD in hair dyes for female reproductive health.
