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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

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Technological Options for Direct Air Capture: A Comparative Process Engineering Review.

Xiaowei Wu¹, Ramanan Krishnamoorti¹, Praveen Bollini¹

¹William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; email: ramanan@uh.edu, ppbollini@uh.edu.

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

|April 1, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO2) can slow atmospheric CO2 rise. This review focuses on process engineering for DAC, analyzing energy needs, costs, and designs for more economical operation.

Keywords:

CO2 capture chemical looping direct air capture negative emissions technologies technoeconomics temperature swing adsorption

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Published on: October 25, 2017

Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science
Thermodynamics

Background:

Direct air capture (DAC) is crucial for mitigating rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Material design for DAC has received more attention than process engineering aspects.
Optimizing DAC processes is essential for cost-effective carbon removal.

Purpose of the Study:

To review process engineering considerations for direct air capture (DAC).
To analyze thermodynamic energy requirements, efficiencies, and operational costs of DAC.
To explore alternative process designs for improved DAC performance and economics.

Main Methods:

Summarizing minimum thermodynamic energy requirements.
Analyzing second-law efficiencies of DAC processes.
Reviewing major unit operations and their energy demands.
Assessing capital and operating expenses.
Highlighting process designs for concentrated CO2 sources adaptable to ambient air.

Main Results:

Minimum thermodynamic energy requirements and second-law efficiencies were analyzed.
Major unit operations and associated energy requirements were detailed.
Capital and operating expenses for DAC were evaluated.
Potential alternative process designs were identified.
Strategies for economical continuous DAC operation were discussed.

Conclusions:

Process engineering aspects of DAC require more focus.
Addressing identified shortcomings can lead to improved DAC processes.
Overcoming trade-offs between capture performance and cost is key for DAC advancement.