Stability Analysis of fMRI BOLD Signals for Disease Diagnosis

Previous studies have demonstrated that the stability changes in physiological signals can reflect individuals' pathological conditions. Apart from this, according to system science theory, a large-scale system can generally be divided into many subsystems whose stability level govern its overall performance. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the possibility of analyzing the stability of decomposed subsystems of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) BOLD signals in order to assess the overall characteristic of the human brain and individuals' health conditions. We used attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) as an example to illustrate our method. Rs-fMRI BOLD signals were first decomposed into dynamic modes (DMs) which can illuminate the patterns of brain subsystems. Each DM is associated with one eigenvalue that determines its stability as well as oscillation frequency. Accordingly, we divided the DMs within common BOLD frequency bands into stable and unstable DMs. Then, the features related to the stability of those DMs were extracted, and nine common classifiers were used to differentiate healthy controls from ADHD patients taken from ADHD-200, a well-known dataset. The results showed that almost all features were statistically significant. Additionally, our proposed approach outperforms all existing methods with the highest possible precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 100%. In sum, we are the first to evaluate the stability of BOLD signals and demonstrate its possibility for disease diagnosis. This method can unveil new mechanisms of brain function, and could be widely used in medicine and engineering.