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Cross-population selection signatures in Canchim composite beef cattle
Igor Nelson Herculano Duarte1, Ayrton Fernandes de Oliveira Bessa1, Luciana Diniz Rola1
1Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.
Plos One
|April 1, 2022
Summary
This study identified selection signatures in Canchim beef cattle by comparing their genomes with founder breeds Nelore and Charolais. These signatures highlight genes related to important traits like meat quality and polledness, offering insights into cattle genetics.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics
- Genomics
- Livestock Breeding
Background:
- Genomic analyses detect selection signatures, which are DNA regions altered by selective breeding for specific traits.
- Understanding these signatures in composite breeds like Canchim is crucial for optimizing breeding programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize selection signatures in Canchim beef cattle.
- To perform cross-population analyses using founder breeds (Nelore and Charolais) to identify genomic regions under selection in Canchim.
Main Methods:
- Utilized high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes from 395 Canchim, 809 Nelore, and 897 Charolais animals.
- Conducted cross-population analyses to detect differences in allele frequencies indicative of selection.
Main Results:
- Most identified selection signatures were located near genes associated with expected breeding program goals, including meat quality and reproductive traits.
- Genes related to immunity, adaptation, morphology, and behavior were also identified, providing insights into Canchim's genetic makeup.
- Newer genetic loci, such as those for the polled trait, were also detected within selection signatures.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully characterized selection signatures in Canchim cattle, aligning with breeding objectives and revealing genetic underpinnings for various traits.
- The findings offer valuable perspectives for future genetic research and breeding strategies in Canchim beef cattle, including the integration of recently introduced traits.
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