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Mid-range visual deficits after stroke: Prevalence and co-occurrence.

Nikki A Lammers1,2, Nils S Van den Berg1,3, Selma Lugtmeijer1,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Mid-range visual deficits, including motion and color perception issues, are common after stroke, affecting 63% of patients. These deficits often occur in isolation and impact long-term recovery, necessitating comprehensive visual screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Visual deficits are frequent post-stroke, significantly predicting long-term functional outcomes.
  • Assessing basic visual field and recognition deficits is standardized, unlike subtle visual primitive deficits.
  • Selective deficits in visual primitives (e.g., shape, motion) can severely impact daily functioning but are difficult to detect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of hemifield "mid-range" visual deficits.
  • To assess visual functions including color, shape, location, orientation, motion, contrast, texture, and glossiness.
  • To utilize a novel gaze-contingent stimulus presentation for precise deficit identification.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 220 ischemic stroke patients and a healthy control group.
  • Novel experimental setup with gaze-contingent stimulus presentation.
  • Assessment of various "mid-range" visual functions.

Main Results:

  • Motion perception deficits were most prevalent (26%), followed by color (22%) and texture (22%).
  • Overall, 63% of stroke patients exhibited at least one "mid-range" visual deficit.
  • Deficits commonly occurred in isolation, with minimal overlap, suggesting individual assessment needs.

Conclusions:

  • "Mid-range" visual function deficits are highly prevalent in stroke survivors.
  • These deficits are likely to influence chronic post-stroke conditions and functional recovery.
  • Comprehensive screening of the full spectrum of visual functions is recommended due to the isolated nature of these deficits.