Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 28, 2025
Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury
Published on: September 7, 2018
Clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator for systemic thrombolysis in dogs and cats
D M Diaz1, B A Scansen1, Z Lake1
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1678, USA.
Introduction:
Systemic administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is seldomly reported in dogs and cats.
Animals:
Client-owned animals receiving tPA (2010-2020).
Materials And Methods:
Medical records of dogs and cats receiving tPA for distant known/suspected thrombus were reviewed. Fourteen dog visits (24 injections) and five cat visits (six injections) were included.
Results:
Canine known/suspected thrombus included pulmonary thromboembolism (n=6), intracardiac thrombus (n=4), aortic thrombus (n=1), cranial vena cava thrombus (n=2), and femoral and iliac veins thrombus (n=1). Various canine primary diseases were represented, but open-heart surgery was the most common cause. Median time between diagnosis/suspicion of thrombus and tPA injection was 24.5 h (range, 3-150 h). Mean total tPA dose was 1.0±0.78 mg/kg. Clinical improvement occurred in 93% of dogs. Non-fatal complications were reported in 14% of dogs. Dogs' survival to discharge was 78.6% without identifiable non-survivor characteristics. Feline known/suspected thrombus included unilateral feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE) (n=2), bilateral FATE (n=2), and right renal artery thrombus. Feline primary diseases included cardiomyopathy (n=5). Median time between diagnosis/suspicion of thrombus and tPA injection was 4 h (range, 2-17 h) and median total tPA dose was 1.0 mg/kg (range, 0.6-1.4 mg/kg).Clinical improvement occurred during 40% of the visits. All cats (n=3) with acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission developed worsening AKI and reperfusion injury. Of the remaining two visits, one developed a non-fatal AKI. Cats' survival to discharge was 40%.
Conclusions:
Systemic thrombolysis with tPA seems to be effective and safe in dogs. More investigation is needed in cats.
