Recent advances in the development of active hybrid molecules in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Pharmacology
• Drug Discovery

Background:

• Chronic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), present complex pathophysiologies that challenge conventional single-target therapies.
• Limited understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in CVDs, coupled with co-morbidities, often leads to treatment failures and adverse drug reactions.
• Current therapeutic strategies face limitations due to the multifactorial nature of disease etiology and the clinical specificity of solo-targeting drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the emerging strategy of multi-targeted drug therapy using hybrid molecules for treating complex diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
• To critically evaluate the pharmacology, mechanistic insights, and structure-activity relationships of prominent hybrid molecules used in CVD treatment.
• To inform the scientific community about recent trends in molecular hybridization for designing next-generation therapeutics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on hybrid molecules that combine different active moieties for synergistic therapeutic effects.
• Analysis of pharmacological data and mechanistic insights related to multi-targeted drug action in CVD pathways.
• Evaluation of structure-activity relationships to understand the design principles of effective hybrid molecules.

Main Results:

• Hybrid molecules demonstrate promising results in simultaneously blocking multiple pathways involved in CVDs.
• These multi-targeted therapies show potential for improved efficacy and minimal side effects compared to conventional treatments.
• The review highlights successful examples of molecular hybridization with synergistic and simultaneous pathway inhibition.

Conclusions:

• Molecular hybridization represents a powerful and effective strategy for developing novel therapeutics for multifactorial diseases like CVDs.
• Hybrid molecules offer a viable alternative to conventional therapies, addressing limitations associated with single-target approaches.
• Further research into structure-activity relationships and pharmacological profiles of hybrid molecules will accelerate the design of next-generation multi-targeting drugs for cardiovascular conditions.