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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Related Experiment Video

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Determining Clinically-Viable Biomarkers for Ischaemic Stroke Through a Mechanistic and Machine Learning Approach.

Ivan Benemerito1,2, Ana Paula Narata3, Andrew Narracott4,5

  • 1INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. i.benemerito@sheffield.ac.uk.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|April 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New biomarkers from Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can assess cerebral perfusion after ischaemic stroke. Elevated pulsatility index values indicate poor blood flow, enabling faster clinical intervention.

Keywords:
BiomarkerBrain circulationCardiovascular modellingGaussian process emulatorIschaemic strokeLeptomeningeal collateralSensitivity analysisWave propagation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Assessing distal cerebral perfusion post-ischaemic stroke relies on costly, time-consuming imaging with contrast agents.
  • Current methods lack early indicators of blood flow occlusion impact on brain perfusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel, clinically applicable biomarkers for distal cerebral perfusion using less invasive Transcranial Doppler (TCD).
  • To establish TCD-based markers for early detection and management of ischaemic stroke complications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 1D modeling to simulate cerebral arterial blood flow dynamics before and after stroke.
  • Employed Sobol's sensitivity analysis and Gaussian process emulators to identify perfusion-linked biomarkers.
  • Focused on analyzing velocity and flow wave propagation in arterial networks.

Main Results:

  • Identified pulsatility index values in the right anterior cerebral artery > 1.6 as indicative of poor cerebral perfusion requiring intervention.
  • Discovered three additional pulsatility-related biomarkers demonstrating similar predictive behavior.
  • Demonstrated a strong correlation between flow pulsatility and distal cerebral perfusion rates.

Conclusions:

  • Flow pulsatility measurements via TCD can effectively estimate distal cerebral perfusion rates.
  • These novel biomarkers offer a less invasive and potentially earlier method for diagnosing and managing ischaemic stroke.
  • Findings suggest improved clinical decision-making and patient outcomes for stroke management.