Auditory changes following firearm noise exposure, a review

Area of Science:

• Audiology
• Occupational Health
• Military Medicine

Background:

• Firearms generate high sound pressure levels (SPL) from ~130 to 175 dB.
• Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus are prevalent in military personnel, law enforcement, and recreational shooters.
• There is a growing demand for effective interventions to prevent and treat NIHL in high-risk groups.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of the literature on auditory changes following firearm noise exposure.
• To identify inconsistencies in research and clinical trial designs for NIHL prevention.
• To provide recommendations for audiologic testing and monitoring of at-risk populations.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of scientific literature.
• Critical review of existing studies on firearm noise exposure and auditory effects.
• Analysis of end-point definitions, study protocols, and assessment methodologies.

Main Results:

• Heterogeneity in study designs precluded meta-analysis.
• Varied research approaches highlight inconsistencies in assessing NIHL prevention.
• The literature review identified key areas for improving auditory monitoring strategies.

Conclusions:

• Standardized methodologies are needed for NIHL research.
• Consistent audiologic assessment and monitoring are crucial for populations exposed to firearm noise.
• Evidence-based recommendations can guide the management of hearing health in high-risk individuals.