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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genetic Variation01:25

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling
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SARS-CoV-2 historical global testing and genomic variability.

Halim Tannous1, Shadi Akiki2, Rasha E Boulos3

  • 1Gilbert and Rose Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|April 2, 2022
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Summary

This study presents the most comprehensive global dataset of SARS-COV-2 testing statistics and genomic variants. It offers an interactive dashboard for analyzing outbreak trends and accessing downloadable data.

Keywords:
Covid19 genomic variabilityCovid19 testingSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 genomic variabilitySARS-CoV-2 testing

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • The SARS-COV-2 pandemic necessitates robust tracking of virus spread through testing data and genomic sequencing.
  • Existing resources lack comprehensive global historical testing data and centralized variant statistics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create the most comprehensive global dataset of SARS-COV-2 testing statistics and genomic variants.
  • To provide an accessible platform for analyzing pandemic trends and variant data.

Main Methods:

  • Merged pre-aggregated and manually extracted historical testing data from 76 countries/states.
  • Analyzed publicly deposited SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from GISAID to annotate variants.
  • Developed an interactive dashboard for data visualization and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Compiled a dataset of 6852 historical test statistics, significantly expanding existing resources.
  • Annotated variants from all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences.
  • The interactive dashboard offers insights into country and state-level outbreak trends.

Conclusions:

  • The developed comprehensive dataset and dashboard serve as a valuable resource for understanding and tracking the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Facilitates real-time analysis of testing data and viral genomic variants for public health insights.