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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
Tihana Misura1, Dionysios Drakopoulos1, Milena Mitrakovic1
1Department of Radiology, Division City and County Hospitals, INSELGROUP, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
This study maps intercostal artery (ICA) anatomy to enhance safety in thoracic procedures. Puncturing over 10 cm from the spinous process offers the lowest risk, while punctures over 7 cm incur moderate risk.
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