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Related Concept Videos

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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The multifaceted impact of complement on atherosclerosis.

Máté G Kiss1, Christoph J Binder2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

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Summary

The complement system

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisComplementComplement C3Complement C5Extrahepatic complement

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • The complement system, a key part of innate immunity, is involved in atherosclerosis.
  • Complement activation products are found in human atherosclerotic plaques, showing dual roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on complement activation in human atherosclerotic plaques.
  • To discuss clinical/genetic links between complement and cardiovascular disease.
  • To summarize animal study evidence and highlight local complement production.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement activation in atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of clinical and genetic associations.
  • Summary of experimental findings from animal models.

Main Results:

  • Complement C3 cleavage may protect by clearing apoptotic cells.
  • Terminal pathway activation (C5 cleavage, MAC) may increase plaque vulnerability.
  • Local complement production in the artery wall is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • The role of local complement activation in lesion formation needs further investigation.
  • Distinguishing local versus systemic complement effects is crucial for understanding atherosclerosis.