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ESPEN micronutrient guideline.

Mette M Berger1, Alan Shenkin2, Anna Schweinlin3

  • 1Department of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|April 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guideline provides recommendations for assessing and managing micronutrient (MN) status in clinical nutrition. It addresses deficiencies in trace elements and vitamins crucial for metabolism and patient outcomes in various diseases.

Keywords:
BiotinCarnitineCholineChromiumCobalaminCobaltCoenzyme Q10CopperDeficiencyDiagnosisDosageEnteral nutritionFluorideFolic acidIodineIronManganeseMolybdenumMonitoringNiacinPantothenic acidParenteral nutritionPrescriptionPyridoxineRiboflavinSeleniumThiaminTrace elementsVitamin AVitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KVitaminsZinc

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Guidelines

Background:

  • Micronutrients (MNs), encompassing trace elements and vitamins, are vital for human metabolism.
  • Suboptimal levels of MNs are linked to adverse outcomes in numerous common pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish clear terminology for micronutrient status and management.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice on assessing, monitoring, and prescribing micronutrients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search across major databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, etc.) for physiological data and clinical trials.
  • Application of ESPEN's 2015 standard operating procedures adapted for micronutrient-focused recommendations.
  • Consensus process involving an expert group to finalize recommendations based on evidence strength.

Main Results:

  • Development of recommendations for 26 micronutrients, totaling 170 individual recommendations.
  • Identification of critical micronutrients with prevalent deficiencies in acute and chronic diseases.
  • Limited interventional trials resulted in a low level of evidence for some recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • The guideline offers practical strategies for managing micronutrient deficiencies in at-risk patients.
  • It provides essential advice on micronutrient provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes by addressing suboptimal micronutrient status.