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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Related Experiment Video

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Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
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Sex differences in neurology: a scoping review protocol.

Ginette Moores1, Elena Wolff2, Aleksandra Pikula2

  • 1Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ginette.moores@medportal.ca.

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This scoping review examines sex and gender differences in neurology, highlighting under-explored areas in demyelination, stroke, epilepsy, and headache research to guide future studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sex and Gender Differences
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Sex and gender significantly impact health and disease but remain under-explored in neurological research.
  • A historical male bias in scientific literature has led to underrepresentation of females in clinical studies.
  • Interchangeable use of sex and gender terminology complicates research analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify advances and gaps in understanding sex and gender differences in neurology.
  • To provide a roadmap for future research directions.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on sex and gender in four key neurological subspecialties.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature from 2014-2020.
  • Utilized a detailed search strategy across five databases focusing on sex differences.
  • Applied specific inclusion/exclusion criteria for relevant study selection.

Main Results:

  • Data synthesis will provide an overview of retrieved information.
  • Narrative synthesis will summarize findings for each neurological subspecialty.
  • A map of results will illustrate trends and identify research gaps.

Conclusions:

  • This review will map recent trends in sex differences across four major neurological conditions.
  • Findings will help identify critical areas requiring further investigation.
  • Results will inform future research and clinical practice regarding sex and gender in neurology.