[Functional deficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: An update]

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder characterized by persistent thrombocytopenia. It may be induced by different pathogenesis due to its heterogeneity, and the therapeutic effects vary on different patients. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can modulate innate and adaptive immunity, thus resulting in a tolerant microenvironment. Functional defects and immunomodulatory disorders of BMMSCs are significant causes of ITP. Functional effects associated with the activation of the P53 pathway include decreased activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT pathway and activation of the TNFAIP3/NF-κB/SMAD7 pathway. Immune dysfunction appears to be correlated with an impaired ability of BMMSCs to induce various types of immune cells in ITP. An in-depth investigation into the pathogenesis of ITP facilitates the treatment of ITP, but larger-scale clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of exogenous BMMSCs in the clinical treatment of ITP.