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Knowlesi Malaria in Children.

Kriti Mohan1, Manish Kumar2, Balram Ji Omar3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|April 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) malaria, once undiagnosed, is now widespread in Southeast Asia. More research is crucial to understand and manage Pk malaria in children, including potential congenital cases.

Keywords:
Plasmodium knowlesichildrenfifth malaria parasitemalariasimianzoonotic

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk), the fifth malaria parasite, is increasingly reported in Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia.
  • Initially misdiagnosed due to morphological similarity with P. malariae and P. falciparum, molecular diagnostics have identified its wider distribution.
  • While adult cases are common, Pk malaria also affects children, pregnant women, and infants, necessitating a broader understanding beyond traditional risk factors.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on Pk malaria in the pediatric population.
  • It examines the problem status, demographics, clinical and hematological features, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.
  • The review highlights existing research gaps and discusses prevention and control strategies.

Key Points:

  • Pk malaria is prevalent in Southeast Asia and affects all age groups, including children.
  • Congenital and neonatal Pk malaria are potential concerns, requiring further investigation.
  • Limited data exists on Pk malaria in children, hindering comprehensive understanding and management.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to clarify the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of Pk malaria in pediatric populations.
  • Addressing the knowledge gaps is critical for effective prevention, diagnosis, and management to prevent a significant public health burden.