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The phyllosphere microbiome shifts toward combating melanose pathogen.

Pu-Dong Li1, Zeng-Rong Zhu1,2, Yunzeng Zhang3

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Plant leaves recruit beneficial microbes to fight fungal pathogens like Diaporthe citri. This study reveals how the phyllosphere microbiome shifts upon infection, with new microbes aiding plant defense against melanose disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Microbiome research
  • Plant-microbe interactions

Background:

  • The role of the rhizosphere microbiome in plant defense is well-studied.
  • The phyllosphere microbiome's response to pathogen invasion is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the citrus phyllosphere microbiome following infection by the fungal pathogen Diaporthe citri.
  • To identify functional roles and beneficial microbes within the altered phyllosphere microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated 16S metabarcoding, shotgun metagenomics, and culture-dependent methods.
  • Analyzed phyllosphere microbiome composition and function in infected vs. uninfected citrus leaves.
  • Conducted glasshouse experiments to validate the role of identified bacteria in plant defense.

Main Results:

  • Diaporthe citri infection significantly altered the phyllosphere microbiome, reducing evenness and increasing microbial diversity.
  • Enriched functions included iron competition and antifungal traits, with beneficial microbes like Pantoea and Methylobacterium identified as 'recruited'.
  • Several identified bacteria, including Pantoea asv90 and Methylobacterium asv41, demonstrated significant in vitro and in vivo antagonism against D. citri, reducing disease severity by up to 88.4%.

Conclusions:

  • Phyllosphere microbiome composition and function shift in response to D. citri infection, aiding plant defense.
  • Specific recruited microbes and their mechanisms, such as iron competition by Sphingomonas spp., contribute to disease suppression.
  • Findings offer novel insights into phyllosphere microbiome dynamics during pathogen challenge and potential biocontrol strategies.