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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Supportive Oncodermatology in Pediatric Patients.

Danny W Linggonegoro1, Hannah Song1, Jennifer T Huang1

  • 1Boston Children's Hospital, Dermatology Program, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 6, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|April 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric targeted therapy use is increasing, leading to diverse skin reactions. Research is growing on these reactions, especially for BRAF, MEK, and EGFR inhibitors, with more data on timing and treatment.

Keywords:
Cutaneous reactionManagementOncodermatologyPediatric dermatologyTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Targeted therapies are increasingly used in pediatric oncology.
  • These therapies can cause a variety of cutaneous reactions.
  • Literature on pediatric-specific reactions is still developing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging literature on pediatric cutaneous reactions to targeted therapies.
  • To highlight the types, prevalence, and management of these reactions.
  • To identify areas with the most available data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric dermatology and oncology studies.
  • Focus on targeted therapies including receptor, signaling, antiangiogenesis, and immunotherapy agents.
  • Analysis of data on reaction timing, severity, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous reactions to targeted therapies are common and diverse in children.
  • Emerging data covers various targeted agents, with most information available for BRAF, MEK, and EGFR inhibitors.
  • Specific details on timing, severity, and treatment algorithms are most abundant for these inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatricians and dermatologists must be aware of potential skin toxicities from targeted cancer drugs.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize and manage all types of drug-induced skin reactions in children.
  • Standardized data collection on reaction characteristics is crucial for developing optimal treatment guidelines.